Classifier Instance:

Anchor text: Carl Auer von Welsbach
Target Entity: Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach
Preceding Context: Lanthanum is the most strongly basic of all the trivalent lanthanides, and this property is what allowed Mosander to isolate and purify the salts of this element. Basicity separation as operated commercially involved the fractional precipitation of the weaker bases (such as didymium) from nitrate solution by the addition of magnesium oxide or dilute ammonia gas. Purified lanthanum remained in solution. (The basicity methods were only suitable for lanthanum purification; didymium could not be efficiently further separated in this manner.) The alternative technique of fractional crystallization was invented by Dmitri Mendeleev, in the form of the double ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate, which he used to separate the less-soluble lanthanum from the more-soluble didymium in the 1870s. This system was used commercially in lanthanum purification until the development of practical solvent extraction methods that started in the late 1950s. (A detailed process using the double ammonium nitrates to provide 99.99% pure lanthanum, neodymium concentrates and praseodymium concentrates is presented in Callow 1967, at a time when the process was just becoming obsolete.) As operated for lanthanum purification, the double ammonium nitrates were recrystallized from water. When later adapted by
Succeeding Context: for the splitting of didymium, nitric acid was used as a solvent to lower the solubility of the system. Lanthanum is relatively easy to purify, since it has only one adjacent lanthanide, cerium, which itself is very readily removed due to its potential tetravalency.
Paragraph Title: History
Source Page: Lanthanum

Ground Truth Types:

Predicted Types:

Type	Confidence	Decision
wordnet_artifact_100021939	-2.646909939148985	0
wordnet_event_100029378	-1.9087182441435213	0
wordnet_organization_108008335	-2.497492191866505	0
wordnet_person_100007846	1.7652099333485916	1
wordnet_contestant_109613191	-2.1973398881666673	0
wordnet_peer_109626238	-1.927219296647695	0
wordnet_intellectual_109621545	-1.7404283069290072	0
wordnet_female_109619168	-2.3580218157698787	0
wordnet_communicator_109610660	-1.4073519396733447	0
wordnet_ruler_110541229	-2.9764091896729874	0
wordnet_adult_109605289	-1.979253965723939	0
wordnet_entertainer_109616922	-2.8452037983757177	0
wordnet_leader_109623038	-2.2645183068111794	0
wordnet_worker_109632518	-2.174424936140419	0
wordnet_scientist_110560637	1.716917633478728	1
wordnet_creator_109614315	1.7642687070673668	1
wordnet_producer_110480018	-1.5253891479850592	0
wordnet_artist_109812338	-1.7351322397672935	0
wordnet_traveler_109629752	-1.7882939764977743	0
wordnet_disputant_109615465	-2.2400447686203555	0
wordnet_preserver_110466918	-2.583773675889765	0
wordnet_unfortunate_109630641	-2.1415493161639088	0
wordnet_expert_109617867	-2.0290449486908435	0
wordnet_adjudicator_109769636	-2.3416909292099435	0
wordnet_good_person_110138767	-1.8058732635981602	0
wordnet_authority_109824609	-2.611311690610348	0
wordnet_combatant_109939313	-2.0702371361315053	0
yagoGeoEntity	-2.100128505426629	0