Classifier Instance:

Anchor text: Ultra-Linear
Target Entity: Ultra\u002dLinear
Preceding Context: Early audio amplifiers used transformers for coupling between stages, i.e., for transferring signal without connecting different operating voltages together. It was realised that transformers introduced distortion; furthermore they produced significant frequency-dependent phase shifts, particularly at higher frequencies. The phase shift was not problematical in itself, but made it difficult to introduce distortion-cancelling negative feedback, either over a transformer-coupled stage or the whole amplifier. Where they were used as a convenient way to isolate stages while coupling signals, transformers could be eliminated by using capacitor coupling. The transformer coupling the output of the amplifier to the loudspeaker, however, had the important requirement to couple the high impedance of the output valves with the low impedance of the loudspeakers. With the 1940s Williamson amplifier as a much-quoted early example, audio amplifiers with hitherto unprecedentedly low distortion were produced, using designs with only one transformer, the output transformer, and large overall negative feedback. Some attempts to design transformerless amplifiers were made, for example using very-low-impedance power triodes (such as the 6080, originally designed for power regulation), but were not widely used. The design of output transformers became a critical requirement for achieving low distortion, and carefully-designed, expensive components were produced with minimal inherent distortion and phase shift. Blumlein's
Succeeding Context: transformer design was used in conjunction with Williamson's principles, allowing pentode or beam tetrode output devices to produce the higher power of a pentode than a triode, and lower distortion than either type.
Paragraph Title: Output transformer
Source Page: Transformer

Ground Truth Types:

Predicted Types:

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