java.io
Class BufferedReader

java.lang.Object
  java.io.Reader
      java.io.BufferedReader

Direct Known Subclasses:

LineNumberReader

public class BufferedReader

extends Reader

Read text from a character-input stream, buffering characters so as to provide for the efficient reading of characters, arrays, and lines.

The buffer size may be specified, or the default size may be used. The default is large enough for most purposes.

In general, each read request made of a Reader causes a corresponding read request to be made of the underlying character or byte stream. It is therefore advisable to wrap a BufferedReader around any Reader whose read() operations may be costly, such as FileReaders and InputStreamReaders. For example,

 BufferedReader in
   = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("foo.in"));
 

will buffer the input from the specified file. Without buffering, each invocation of read() or readLine() could cause bytes to be read from the file, converted into characters, and then returned, which can be very inefficient.

Programs that use DataInputStreams for textual input can be localized by replacing each DataInputStream with an appropriate BufferedReader.

Since:

JDK1.1

Author:

Mark Reinhold

See Also:

FileReader, InputStreamReader

Field Summary

private char[]	cb
private static int	defaultCharBufferSize
private static int	defaultExpectedLineLength
private Reader	in
private static int	INVALIDATED
private int	markedChar
private boolean	markedSkipLF The skipLF flag when the mark was set
private int	nChars
private int	nextChar
private int	readAheadLimit
private boolean	skipLF If the next character is a line feed, skip it
private static int	UNMARKED

Fields inherited from class java.io.Reader

lock

Constructor Summary

BufferedReader(Reader in)
Create a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized input buffer.

BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz)
Create a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of the specified size.

Method Summary

void	close() Close the stream.
private void	ensureOpen() Check to make sure that the stream has not been closed
private void	fill() Fill the input buffer, taking the mark into account if it is valid.
void	mark(int readAheadLimit) Mark the present position in the stream.
boolean	markSupported() Tell whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does.
int	read() Read a single character.
int	read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) Read characters into a portion of an array.
private int	read1(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) Read characters into a portion of an array, reading from the underlying stream if necessary.
String	readLine() Read a line of text.
(package private) String	readLine(boolean ignoreLF) Read a line of text.
boolean	ready() Tell whether this stream is ready to be read.
void	reset() Reset the stream to the most recent mark.
long	skip(long n) Skip characters.

Methods inherited from class java.io.Reader

read

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

in

private Reader in

cb

private char[] cb

nChars

private int nChars

nextChar

private int nextChar

INVALIDATED

private static final int INVALIDATED

See Also:

Constant Field Values

UNMARKED

private static final int UNMARKED

See Also:

Constant Field Values

markedChar

private int markedChar

readAheadLimit

private int readAheadLimit

skipLF

private boolean skipLF

If the next character is a line feed, skip it

markedSkipLF

private boolean markedSkipLF

The skipLF flag when the mark was set

defaultCharBufferSize

private static int defaultCharBufferSize

defaultExpectedLineLength

private static int defaultExpectedLineLength

Constructor Detail

BufferedReader

public BufferedReader(Reader in,
                      int sz)

Create a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of the specified size.

Parameters:

in - A Reader

sz - Input-buffer size

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If sz is <= 0

BufferedReader

public BufferedReader(Reader in)

Create a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized input buffer.

Parameters:

in - A Reader

Method Detail

ensureOpen

private void ensureOpen()
                 throws IOException

Check to make sure that the stream has not been closed

Throws:

IOException

fill

private void fill()
           throws IOException

Fill the input buffer, taking the mark into account if it is valid.

Throws:

IOException

read

public int read()
         throws IOException

Read a single character.

Overrides:

read in class Reader

Returns:

The character read, as an integer in the range 0 to 65535 (0x00-0xffff), or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached

Throws:

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

read1

private int read1(char[] cbuf,
                  int off,
                  int len)
           throws IOException

Read characters into a portion of an array, reading from the underlying stream if necessary.

Throws:

IOException

read

public int read(char[] cbuf,
                int off,
                int len)
         throws IOException

Read characters into a portion of an array.

This method implements the general contract of the corresponding read method of the Reader class. As an additional convenience, it attempts to read as many characters as possible by repeatedly invoking the read method of the underlying stream. This iterated read continues until one of the following conditions becomes true:

• The specified number of characters have been read,
• The read method of the underlying stream returns -1, indicating end-of-file, or
• The ready method of the underlying stream returns false, indicating that further input requests would block.

If the first read on the underlying stream returns -1 to indicate end-of-file then this method returns -1. Otherwise this method returns the number of characters actually read.

Subclasses of this class are encouraged, but not required, to attempt to read as many characters as possible in the same fashion.

Ordinarily this method takes characters from this stream's character buffer, filling it from the underlying stream as necessary. If, however, the buffer is empty, the mark is not valid, and the requested length is at least as large as the buffer, then this method will read characters directly from the underlying stream into the given array. Thus redundant BufferedReaders will not copy data unnecessarily.

Specified by:

read in class Reader

Parameters:

cbuf - Destination buffer

off - Offset at which to start storing characters

len - Maximum number of characters to read

Returns:

The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached

Throws:

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

readLine

String readLine(boolean ignoreLF)
          throws IOException

Read a line of text. A line is considered to be terminated by any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), or a carriage return followed immediately by a linefeed.

Parameters:

ignoreLF - If true, the next '\n' will be skipped

Returns:

A String containing the contents of the line, not including any line-termination characters, or null if the end of the stream has been reached

Throws:

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

See Also:

LineNumberReader.readLine()

readLine

public String readLine()
                throws IOException

Read a line of text. A line is considered to be terminated by any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), or a carriage return followed immediately by a linefeed.

Returns:

A String containing the contents of the line, not including any line-termination characters, or null if the end of the stream has been reached

Throws:

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

skip

public long skip(long n)
          throws IOException

Skip characters.

Overrides:

skip in class Reader

Parameters:

n - The number of characters to skip

Returns:

The number of characters actually skipped

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If n is negative.

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

ready

public boolean ready()
              throws IOException

Tell whether this stream is ready to be read. A buffered character stream is ready if the buffer is not empty, or if the underlying character stream is ready.

Overrides:

ready in class Reader

Returns:

True if the next read() is guaranteed not to block for input, false otherwise. Note that returning false does not guarantee that the next read will block.

Throws:

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

markSupported

public boolean markSupported()

Tell whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does.

Overrides:

markSupported in class Reader

Returns:

true if and only if this stream supports the mark operation.

mark

public void mark(int readAheadLimit)
          throws IOException

Mark the present position in the stream. Subsequent calls to reset() will attempt to reposition the stream to this point.

Overrides:

mark in class Reader

Parameters:

readAheadLimit - Limit on the number of characters that may be read while still preserving the mark. After reading this many characters, attempting to reset the stream may fail. A limit value larger than the size of the input buffer will cause a new buffer to be allocated whose size is no smaller than limit. Therefore large values should be used with care.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If readAheadLimit is < 0

IOException - If an I/O error occurs

reset

public void reset()
           throws IOException

Reset the stream to the most recent mark.

Overrides:

reset in class Reader

Throws:

IOException - If the stream has never been marked, or if the mark has been invalidated

close

public void close()
           throws IOException

Close the stream.

Specified by:

close in class Reader

Throws:

IOException - If an I/O error occurs