Contents

Title and Copyright Information

List of Figures

List of Tables

Send Us Your Comments

Preface

What's New in Real Application Clusters?

Part I Cluster Database Processing Fundamentals

1 Introduction to Real Application Clusters

What Is Real Application Clusters?

The Benefits of Real Application Clusters

Lower Overall Cost of Ownership

Expanded Scalability

High Availability

Transparency

Buffer Cache Management

Row Locking

Multiversion Read Consistency

Recovery Manager, Online Backups, and Archiving

2 Real Application Clusters Systems Architecture

Overview of Cluster Database System Components

Nodes and Their Components

Cluster Interconnect and Interprocess Communication (Node-to-Node)

Memory, Interconnect, and Storage

The High-Speed IPC Interconnect

Shared Disk Storage and the Cluster File System Advantage

3 Real Application Clusters Software Architecture

The Operating System-Dependent Clusterware

The Cluster Manager

The Node Monitor

The Interconnect

Real Application Clusters Shared Disk Components

Real Application Clusters-Specific Daemon and Instance Processes

The Global Services Daemon

Instance Processes Specific to Real Application Clusters

The Global Cache and Global Enqueue Service

Application Transparency

Global Resource Directory with Distributed Architecture

Resource Mastering and Affinity

GCS and GES Interaction with the Cluster Manager

4 Scalability in Real Application Clusters

Scalability Features of Real Application Clusters

All System Types Benefit from Real Application Clusters

Transaction Systems and Real Application Clusters

Data Warehouse Systems and Real Application Clusters

Levels of Scalability

Network Scalability

Network Scalability and Client/Server Connectivity

Operating System Scalability

Part II Resource Coordination in Real Application Clusters

5 Real Application Clusters Resource Coordination

Overview of Real Application Clusters Resource Coordination

The Contents of the Global Resource Directory

Real Application Clusters Synchronization Processes

Enqueues

Past Images

Resource Modes and Roles

Resource Modes

Resource Roles

Global Cache Service Operations

System Change Number Processing

Lamport SCN Generation

6 Cache Fusion and the Global Cache Service

Overview of Cache Fusion Processing

Concurrent Reads on Multiple Nodes

Concurrent Reads and Writes on Different Nodes

Concurrent Writes on Different Nodes

Write Protocol and Past Image Tracking

Resource Control, Cache-to-Cache Transfer, and Cache Coherency

Block Access Modes and Buffer States

Cache Fusion Scenarios

Requesting a Changed Block for a Modification Operation

Writing Blocks to Disk

Real Application Clusters Recovery and Cache Fusion

7 Resource Coordination by the Global Enqueue Service

Global Enqueue Service Processing

Global Enqueue Concurrency Control

Resources Managed by the Global Enqueue Service

Dictionary Cache Locks

Library Cache Locks

Part III Implementing Real Application Clusters

8 Real Application Clusters Storage Considerations

Overview of Storage in Real Application Clusters

Datafiles in Real Application Clusters

Datafile Verification in Real Application Clusters

Adding Datafiles in Real Application Clusters

Parameter File Storage in Real Application Clusters

Location of the Server Parameter File

Redo Log File Storage in Real Application Clusters

Automatic Segment-Space Management

Managing Undo Space in Real Application Clusters

Private and Public Rollback Segments

9 Manageability Tools for Real Application Clusters Environments

Overview of Manageability in Real Application Clusters

Manageability for Real Application Clusters Installation, Setup, and Configuration

Manageability for Real Application Clusters Administration

Oracle Enterprise Manager

The Database Configuration Assistant

The Server Control (SRVCTL) Utility

Global Services Daemon Administration Commands

Manageability for Real Application Clusters Performance Monitoring

Monitoring Performance with Oracle Enterprise Manager

Monitoring Performance with Statspack

Manageability for Real Application Clusters Backup and Recovery

Part IV High Availability and Real Application Clusters

10 High Availability Concepts and Best Practices in Real Application Clusters

Understanding High Availability

Configuring Real Application Clusters for High Availability

Cluster Components and High Availability

Disaster Planning

Failure Protection Validation

Failover and Real Application Clusters

Failover Basics

Client Failover

Uses of Transparent Application Failover

Server Failover

Failover Processing in Real Application Clusters

Detecting Failure

Reorganizing Cluster Membership

Performing Database Recovery

High Availability Configurations

Default N-Node Configurations

Basic High Availability Configurations

Shared High Availability Node Configurations

Full Active Configurations with Real Application Clusters Guard II

Deploying High Availability

Part V Reference

A Restrictions

Compatibility

Restricted SQL Statements

Maximum Number of Datafiles

B Using Multi-Block Lock Assignments (Optional)

When to Use Locks

How to Use Locks

Lock Granularity

Understanding Lock Management

Glossary

Index